Camera memory card cannot be read or prompts to format: first secure the data, then evaluate the recovery method
Explain how to reduce the risk of data overwrite caused by continued writing when a memory card cannot be read or files are missing, and accurately describe the capabilities and scope supported by the official PhotoRec / TestDisk documentation; do not infer the cause of the failure, and do not provide write-based repair commands that have not been confirmed for the corresponding file system.
Stop Writing to the Original Card First
If you notice missing photos or the card cannot be read, do not continue shooting, and do not write recovered files back to the same file system. CGSecurity warns that writing may overwrite data that is still recoverable; PhotoRec requires saving recovered files to a different target file system. Do not assume a fault originates from a specific area based solely on a 'format prompt.' [G-MCR-01, G-MCR-02]
Understand What Recovery Tools Can Do
PhotoRec is a file recovery tool that scans data based on file signatures and can attempt to recover lost files from damaged file systems; it may not be able to recover original filenames or directory structures. The official documentation also discusses exFAT file system parameters but does not guarantee that any particular card or file can be recovered. [G-MCR-03]
Do Not Blindly Follow Mismatched Repair Steps
The TestDisk documentation states that file system repair carries risks and operations should follow file system descriptions. The main/backup boot sector process is for FAT32 and NTFS; for exFAT or other file system issues, do not apply this process based solely on a 'format prompt.' Before performing write repairs, back up any data that can still be read and confirm the device and file system; if uncertain, stop and seek assistance from experienced data recovery personnel. [G-MCR-04]
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